The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for NASA's "next-generation" of space launch vehicle named Venture Star. It was to flight test a range of technologies needed for single stage to orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as thermal protection systems , composite cryogenic fuel tanks, the aerospike engine, and its lifting body aerodynamics.
Based on the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to build a commercial SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, at its own expense. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would purchase launch services from Lockheed Martin and other commercial launch providers. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about the commercial launch industry.
The decision to design and build the X-33 grew out of an internal NASA study titled "Access to Space." Unlike other space transport studies, "Access to Space" resulted in the design and construction of a vehicle.
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