Viktor Nekipelov (1928 - 1989) was a Russian poet, translator, human rights activist and dissident.

Pharmacist by occupation, in 1968, he participated in protest against the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia and was arrested and subjected to forced treatment at Moscow Serbsky Insitute (see psikhushka), later described in his book Institute of Fools (1980).

In 1973 he was sentenced to two years of labor camps and after release was a member of Moscow Helsinki Watch Group, then arrested again in 1979 and sentenced to seven years of labor camp and five years of exile. Released in 1987, Nekipelov emigrated and died in France.