Takht ("bed", "seat", or "podium") is the representative musical ensemble, the orchestra, of Arab music. In Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan, the ensemble consists of the 'ud, the qanun, the Arabian kamanjah (or now two), the nay , the riqq , and the darabukkah . (Touma 1996, p.140)

The melody instruments play heterophonically in octaves or perform solos. Instrumental forms include bashraf , sama'i , tahmilah , and dulab . The ensemble may be joined by a male or female vocalist and a group of four to six singers who provide the refrain sections. Vocal genres performed include dawr , muwashshah, layali , ma'luf , qasidah, and mawwal . (ibid)

Source

• Habib Hassan Touma (1996). The Music fo the Arabs, trans. Laurie Schwartz. Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press. ISBN 0931340888.