A sympagic environment is one where water exists mostly as a solid, ice, such as a polar ice cap or glacier. Residents of temperate or tropical climates often assume, mistakenly, that ice and snow are devoid of life. In fact, a number of varieties of diatoms and algae engage in photosynthesis in arctic and alpine regions of Earth. Other energy sources include dust and pollen swept in from other regions. These ecosystems also include bacteria and fungi, as well as animals like flatworms and crustaceans. A number of sympagic worm species are commonly called iceworms . Additionally, the ocean has abundant plankton, and prolific algal blooms occur in the polar regions each summer as well as in high mountain lakes, bringing nutrients to those parts of the ice in contact with the water.
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