Purvanchal is a geographic region of north-central India, which comprises the eastern end of Uttar Pradesh state. It is bounded by Nepal to the north, Bihar state to the east, Madhya Pradesh state to the south, and Rohilkhand region of Uttar Pradesh to the west.

The region lies on the Indo-Gangetic plain, and is densely populated. Most of the countryside is given to intensive agriculture. Like Bihar state just to the east, slow economic growth, agricultural mechanization, and the closure of sugar mills have led to increased unemployment, social and political discontent, and some unrest in the region.