Philipp Wilhelm of Neuburg, Elector Palatine (24 November 1615 - 2 September 1690), was Count Palatine of Neuburg and Duke of Jülich and Berg from 1653 to 1690. In 1685, with the death of his Protestant cousin, the Elector Palatine Karl II, Philipp Wilhelm inherited the Palatinate, which thus switched from a Protestant to a Catholic territory. The rival claims to the Palatinate of the Duchess of Orleans, Louis XIV's brother-in-law, was the pretext for the French invasion of the Palatinate in 1688, which began the Nine Years War.