Peter Andreyevich Arshinov (Пётр Андреевич Аршинов in Russian) (1887 - c. 1937) was a metal worker from Ukraine who, in 1904, joined the Bolshevik Party and became an anarchist after the 1905-06 revolution. He was later imprisoned, and escaped to France.

In 1909 he returned to Russia and was caught smuggling arms from Austria. He was imprisoned in Moscow, where he met Nestor Makhno. Both men were released in 1917, and in 1919 Arshinov joined Makhno and became involved in cultural and educational work in the area controlled by the Makhnovite Insurrectionary Army . He was also the leader of "Nabat" (Confederation of the Anarchist Organizations of Ukraine). In 1921, Arshinov emigrated from the country, but he later would return to the USSR in 1935.

Arshinov was executed in or around 1937.

Writings by Peter Arshinov

• History of the Makhnovist Movement (1921)
• The Two Octobers