Paulinus/Paullinus is a Roman cognomen that can refer to:

• Gaius Suetonius Paullinus, general who defeated Boudica
• Marcus Iunius Caesonius Nicomachus Anicius Faustus Paulinus , consul in 298
• Sextus Anicius Faustus Paulinus , consul in 325
• Amnius Manius Caesonius Nicomachus Anicius Paulinus , consul in 334
• St. Paulinus of Nola (aka Pontius Meropius Anicius Paulinus), a 4th Century Christian saint
• Flavius Paulinus , consul in 498
• Flavius Decius Paulinus , Western consul in 534
• St. Paulinus of York, first archbishop of York
• General Paulinus Maximus , fictional main character of Eagle in the Snow