The original parliament house of Australia, now referred to as Old Parliament House, or OPH, served as the official Parliament House of the Commonwealth of Australia from 1927 to 1988. Before 1927, Federal Parliament met in the Victorian Parliament building. After 1988, Parliament was conducted at the new Parliament House, which was officially opened during Australia's bicentenary celebrations.

Since the retirement of Old Parliament House as the official place of business for Australia's federal Parliament, it has fulfilled a variety of uses. As well as having frequent exhibitions on matters of parliamentary history, OPH acts as the National Portrait Gallery, containing portraits of past and present Prime Ministers and famous busts, including a death mask of Ned Kelly. It also features a cafe, gift shop and holds functions and wedding receptions.