Nelson Gonçalves (June 21, 1919 - April 18, 1998) was a Brazilian was singer and songwriter.

Born Antonio Gonçalves Sobral in Santana do Livramento , Rio Grande do Sul, he was raised in São Paulo. As a young man he worked at a variety of menial jobs, including a boxer, before embarking on a career in music that saw him become one of the most popular Brazilian radio singers of the 1950s.

Nelson Gonçalves had a very productive collaboration with lyricist Adelino Moreira and recorded numerous successful albums. One of the great crooners of the day, he gained an international following and appeared at venues such as Radio City Music Hall in New York City.

His personal life was sometimes filled with turmoil and at one time, a cocaine addiction almost destroyed his career.

On his passing, Nelson Gonçalves was interred in the Cemitério São João Batista in Rio de Janeiro.

In 2001, director Elizeu Ewald filmed a docu-drama about his life.