Africa

Americas

Asia

• China (Northern Song Dynasty) - Zhenzong, Emperor of Song China (997-1022)
• Japan -
  • Monarch - Ichijo, Emperor of Japan (986-1011)
  • de facto - Fujiwara no Michinaga (995-1017)
• Khitan Empire - Shengzong, Khitan Emperor (982-1031)
• Korea (Goryeo Dynasty) - Mokjong , King of Goryeo (997-1009)

Europe

• Denmark - Sweyn I "Forkbeard", King of Denmark (985-1014); also King of Norway
• England - Ethelred II the Unready, King of England (978-1013, 1014-1016)
• France - Robert II the Pious, King of France (996-1031)
• Hungary - Stephen I of Hungary, King of Hungary (997-1038)
• Holy Roman Empire - Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor (983-1002)
• Norway - Sweyn I "Forkbeard", King of Norway (999-1014); also King of Denmark
• Kievan Rus' - St. Vladimir the Enlightener, Grand Duke of Kiev (980-1015)
• Spain -
  • Caliph - Hisham II of the Umayyad Dynasty, Caliph of Cordoba (976-1008, 1010-1012)
  • de facto - Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir, hajib (978-1002)
• Sweden - Olof the Tax-king, King of Sweden (995-1022)