Search

The Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary

 
     
 

Encyclopedia

Dictionary

Quotes

 

List of massacres

Massacres are individual events of deliberate mass killing, especially of noncombatant civilians or other innocents. The term may refer to individual, civil, or military acts and is often characterised as having distinct political significance in shaping subsequent events.

Below is a list of incidents that are commonly referred to as massacres, though other incidents may also qualify yet not be called massacres. Note that the figure for deaths is usually an estimate, and is frequently contested. See the individual article on each massacre for more information.

DateNameDeathsLocationDescription
1 ADMassacre of the Innocents?????Bethlehem, Israel(according to the Gospel of Matthew)
9 ADTeutoburg Massacre~30,000Teutoburg Forest, GermanyRoman legions under Varus ambushed by Germanic tribes
787Mass slaughter of non-Christian Saxons????Verdunby Charlemagne
November 13, 1002St. Brice's Day Massacre ~UnknownEnglandDanes slaughtered on orders of Ethelred II of England
1096German Crusade, 1096ThousandsAlong the Rhine River"People's Crusade" prior to the First Crusade killed thousands of Jews along the Rhine; see also Emich of Leiningen
March 16, 1190Massacre at Clifford's Tower ~150York, EnglandMob attacks Jewish residents; many commit suicide
June 1220Samarkand Massacre~75,000Samarkand, Khwarezm (present day Iran and Iraq)During the Khwarezm War Mongols under Genghis Khan sieged to the capitol city of Khwarezm and, after the Turkish garrison surrendered the city, drove out the remaining population slaughtering over 75,000 men, women, and children. The Turkish soldiers were also killed as an example for their treason.
1282Sicilian Vespers?Italy
October 25, 1415Agincourt~5,000Agincourt, FranceOne of the major atrocities commited during the Hundred Years War Henry V, in order to raise enough soldiers guarding the French Nobles, orders the deaths of 5,000 prisoners of war during the Battle of Agincourt after receiving reports of French forces breaking though the English rear defenses and attacking its supply lines.
August 24, 1572St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre70,000France A wave of Catholic mob violence against the Huguenots
September 20, 1565Fort Caroline~UnknownFort Caroline, Florida [US]Spanish forces under naval officer Pedro Menendez de Aviles attack and destroy Fort Caroline killing most of the settlers. Renaming the settlement San Mateo the Spanish would use the fort as one of many bases in which Menendez would search for a water passage through Florida.
September 12, 1571Enryakuji set fire~3,000Enryakuji , Japan
March 22, 1622Jamestown~347Jamestown, Virginia [United States]Led by Opechancanough, brother of Powhatan, local tribes attack the Virginia Colony destroying virtualy all the settlements save the heavily fortified Jamestown.
May 10, 1631Sack of Magdeburg20,000Magdeburg
1648-1649?100,000Jews and Poles killed by Cossacks under Bohdan Chmielnicki
1689Massacre of Palatinate?Germany
February 13, 1692Massacre of Glencoe78Scotland
September 22, 1711Tuscarora~UnknownNorth Carolina [US]The Tuscarora kill an unknown number of settlers along the Chowan and Roanoke Rivers in northeastern North Carolina as well as abandoning the settlement of New Bern begining the Tuscarora War lasting from 1711-1713.
April 1715Yamassee~UnknownSouth Carolina [US]With Spanish support the Yamassee kill several hundred South Carolina settlers. This act would begin a violent conflict between South Carolina colonists, allied with the Cherokee, defeating the Yamassee northwest of Port Royal, South Carolina almost a year later in January 1716.
1755Deportation of the Acadians in New FranceNew France
1763Distribution of blankets exposed to smallpox to American Indiansunknown (none or possibly hundreds)Fort PittDuring Pontiac's Rebellion, in which many white noncombatants (perhaps hundreds) were killed by Native American warriors, British General Jeffrey Amherst wrote a letter suggesting this tactic to stop the assault, but it is uncertain anyone died as a result.
1768Koliwszczyzna ?massacre of Poles and Jews in Human, Ukraine
March 5, 1770Boston Massacre5British colony, now US state of MassachusettsIn the early days of the American Revolution, British soldiers open fire upon a hostile crowd.
July 3, 1778Wyoming Valley Massacre~UnknownPennsylvaniaOccurred during the American Revolutionary War; labeled a massacre but most deaths were in battle.
11 November 1778Cherry Valley Massacre33eastern New YorkDuring the American Revolutionary War, Iroquois warriors raid a village, killing and scalping civilians, including women and children.
May 29, 1780Waxhaw Massacre~113 plus 100+ mortally woundedBuford, South Carolina - the WaxhawsBritish Col. Banastre Tarleton killed some Americans as they attempted to surrender; many of the deaths were in battle.
March 8, 1782Gnadenhutten massacre96Gnadenhutten, OhioDuring the American Revolutionary War, Pennsylvania militia execute Christian Lenape non-combatants, mostly women and children.
1794Raze of Praga20 000Praga, Warsaw, PolandPraga, the eastern borough of Warsaw looted and burnt by Russian forces under Aleksandr Suvorov
April 6-9, 1812Badajoz~UnknownBadajoz, SpainAfter a four week siege British soldiers under the Duke of Wellington siezed the Spanish city of Badajoz, a fortress on the Spanish-Portuguese border, from French control. After the battle however British soldiers began looting the city for three days before Wellington could regain control. This was one of the most serious breakdowns of control over British military forces during the Napoleonic Wars.
August 15, 1812Fort Dearborn Massacre~46Fort Dearborn (present day Chicago), IllinoisReceiving a guarantee of safe passage from British and American Indian allies to evacuate Fort Dearborn, under orders from American General William Hull, the US troop column of 54 soldiers, 12 milita, 9 women, and 18 children, while escorted by Indian guides, joined in an attack by larger Indian force while on route to Detriot with over half of the column killed and the remainder captured several of which were ransomed to Detroit.
January, 1813River Raisin Massacre30–60Monroe, Michiganprisoners scalped during the War of 1812
August 16, 1819Peterloo massacre11United Kingdom
August 2, 1832Bad Axe River~UnknownBad Axe River, Wisconsin [US]Illinois militia under the command of General Henry Atkinson attack a Sauk camp at the mouth of Bad Axe River where many Sauk women and children are killed in the fighting. Shortly after the Winnebago would abandon Black Hawk forcing him and the Sauk to surrender several weeks later ending the Black Hawk War.
1836Goliad massacre342Goliad, TexasMexican army executes American prisoners of war
February 16, 1838Weenen Massacre~300South AfricaZulus massacre Voortrekker men, women, and children
1838Myall Creek Massacre40AustraliaAboriginal people were murdered by white stockmen taking revenge for lost cattle.
November 29, 1847Whitman massacre?near Walla Walla, WashingtonMedical mission established by Marcus Whitman attacked by the Cayuse
1848Rabacja ?Galiciamassacre of Polish nobles by peasants
October 26, 1853Gunnison Massacre?Utah territoryExploration party of John Gunnison killed by Pahvant Utes
May 2425, 1856Pottawatomie Massacre5Franklin County, KansasRadical abolitionist John Brown murders pro-slavery men with swords in "Bleeding Kansas"
June 27-July 15, 1857Cawnpore~200Cawnpore, IndiaDuring the Sepoy Rebellion the British garrison at Cawnpore agreed to abandon the post under the agreement they would be granted a safe escort by Nana Sahib. However as they left the city the men were immediately massacred and 200 women and children were held in the Bibi-Ghar (House of the Women) where they were killed on July 15, 1857. When the British recaptured Cawnpore they reportedly forced each Sepoy prisoner to lick one square foot of the bloodstained floor where the massacres took place before being hanged.
September 11, 1857Mountain Meadows Massacre120Utah, United StatesMormon militia and Paiutes kill an entire wagon train of Arkansas farming families.
August 21, 1863Lawrence Massacre~150Lawrence, KansasConfederate raiders under William Quantrill loot and burn the town killing over 150 men.
April 12, 1864Fort Pillow~354Fort Pillow, TennesseeAfter Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest demand of the surrender of Union Fort Pillow was refused Forrest's forces assaulted the fort defenses in a particularly violent battle until a white flag was flown by the Union defenders. However Confederate forces continued firing upon the surrendering soldiers killing or wounding over 354 of the 580 men.
November 29, 1864Sand Creek Massacre~150Colorado TerritoryUnited States cavalry troops kill Cheyenne and Arapaho peoples in an undefended Native American village.
March 10, 1873Canby Massacre~4 Four of seven Americans as part of a peace delegation led by General E. R. S. Canby, under the pretext of peace negotiations, are killed by Modoc leader Captain Jack during the Modoc War.
April 13, 1873Colfax Massacre100Colfax, Louisiana
June 1, 1873Cypress Hills Massacre16–23Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan, Canada 16-22 Nakoda (Assiniboine) killed by American wolfers. 1 American was killed.
May 4, 1886Haymarket Riot12ChicagoBomb tossed amongst police and striking workers
December 29, 1890Wounded Knee Massacre153–300Wounded Knee, South DakotaLast confrontation of US troops and the Great Sioux Nation
1894First Armenian Massacre?Ottoman Empire
1903Kishinev pogrom?(Chisinau) - Moldova
April 20, 1914Ludlow Massacre20Ludlow, ColoradoSuppression of a strike by twelve thousand Colorado coal miners.
1915Second Armenian Massacre0.2–1.8 millionAnatoliaDeportation of ethnic Armenians by the Young Turks.
July 17, 1918Romanov massacre~10Yekaterinburg, RussiaBolshevik execution of Nicholas II and the Russian royal household
April 13, 1919Jallianwala Bagh Massacre~379-400IndiaBritish troops led by Brigadier General Reginald Dyer fired 1650 rounds of ammunitions into a crowd of 20,000 people gathered in a garden with its sole exit blocked to prevent people from escaping.
September 18, 1923Kanto massacre~2,711–6,415Kanto region, JapanKorean and Okinawan immigrants blamed for looting and arson
November 21, 1927Columbine Mine Massacreat least 6Serene, Colorado500 striking coal miners, some with their families, were attacked with machine guns by a detachment of state police dressed in civilian clothes
February 14, 1929St. Valentine's Day Massacre7ChicagoBugs Moran's gang is murdered by Al Capone's men
1929First Hebron massacre ~67 Palestine Arab mob massacred and "pogromed" at least 67 Jews and wiped out the old Jewish settlement in Hebron
1937Nanjing Massacre200,000Chinaby Imperial Japanese Soldiers, also called Rape of Nanking
1938Kristallnacht36–200Germanyalso called Pogromnacht
September 1939Bromberg Bloody Sundayup to 8000Bydgoszcz, PolandKilling of between 358 and 5,000 ethnic Germans during the Polish Defence War of 1939 and subsequent massacre of ~3,000 Polish civilians as a reprisal.
1939Polish victims of Nazi initial occupation of Polandmost of PolandPolandImprisonment and execution of Polish citizens and soldiers immediately after German invasion.
December 27, 1939Wawer 107Poland120 men caught in a łapanka shot as a reprisal for death of two German soldiers, 13 of them survived the massacre under the pile of bodies.
December 1939 - July 1940Palmiry ~2000PolandGestapo murder systematically members of Polish intelligentsia, sportsmen, politicians and common people.
1940Katyn Massacre25,700Soviet UnionRussian massacre of Polish intelligentsia, POW reserve officers
July 3-4, 1941Massacre of Lwów professors45Lwów, PolandPart of the AB Action , fourty-five university professors are executed by an Einsatzkommado unit following the German capture of the city on June 30.
July 10, 1941Massacre in Jedwabne380–1600PolandJewish residents of Jedwabane are marched into the center of the city where there are beaten, tortured, and killed by Nazi and Gestapo members (although Polish citizens may have been involved). Only seven of the group, hidden by a Polish family, survive the massacre.
September 2930, 1941Babi Yar massacre33,771Ukraine
July 1941- August 1944Ponary~100,000Lithuania
June 10, 1942Lidice~172Lidice, CzechoslovakiaAfter Czech agents, with British assistance, assassinate Nazi Protector of Bohemia-Morovia, and former Deputy Chief of the Gestapo, Reinhard Heydrich the small Czechoslovakian town of Lidice is surrounded by the German SS and all men and teenagers over 16 are rounded up and shot. The remaining women and children are sent to concentration camps and the village is destroyed.
February 1943Massacres of Poles in Volhynia~100,000Ukraine
July, 1943Canicatti slaughter12SicilyUS Troops kill unarmed civilians at a soap factory.
July 14, 1943Biscari Massacre76SicilyUS Troops kill German and Italian POWs.
February, 1944Manila Massacre100,000PhilippinesRetreating Japanese troops kill Filippino civilians.
January 28-29, 1944Koniuchy Massacre~300PolandThree hundred men women and children are murdered by 120 members of Soviet partisan groups, including the Lithuanian Brigade, of the village of Koniuchy.
April 2, 1944Ascq massacre ~86FranceAfter two railway cars are derailed, presumably by the French Underground, soldiers of the 12th SS Panzer Division under the command of SS Obersturmführer Walter Hauck murder 86 men in the surrounding area of the Ascq railway station.
June 9, 1944Tulle Murders ~99FranceIn responce to French Underground activity the 2nd SS Panzer Division, upon finding mutilated remains of 64 garrison soldiers of the 95th Security Regiment, 99 men are hanged and the remaining population of Tulle sent to work labor camps in Germany. Of the 149 townspeople only 48 survived the war.
June 10, 1944Oradour-sur-Glane Massacre642FranceResponding to recent French Underground activity in which two German soldiers were killed, 120 SS soldiers of the 2nd SS Panzer Division, commanded by SS Sturmbannführer Adolf Diekmann, execute 642 men, women, and children of the town of Oradour.
August 1944Wola Massacreup to 50,000WarsawGerman troops slaughter most of civilians in the borough of Wola during the early stage of the Warsaw Uprising
September 30, 1944Putten Atrocity 39NetherlandsGeneral Heinz Helmuth von Wuhlisch orders the execution of 39 Dutch civilians and the village burned after an attack by the Dutch resistance results in the capture of a German soldier despite the later release of the hostage. The remaining men in the village are sent to labor camps and out of 589 only 49 survive the end of the war.
October 24, 1944Amsterdam Reprisal 29Netherlands29 Dutch civilians are executed as well as several buildings set on fire after the assassination of S.D. officer Herbert Oelschagel by the Dutch resistance the previous day.
December 17, 1944Malmédy massacre80BelgiumMassacre of American POWs
January 1, 1945Chenogne massacre 60BelgiumIn reprisal for the Malmedy massacre sixty German soldiers are executed by a unit of the US 11th Armored Division outside the town of Chenogne .
February 13-14, 1945Firebombing of Dresden30,000GermanyMassive firebombing raid against the city of Dresden, Germany, by the United States and the United Kingdom
March 10, 1945Firebombing of Tokyo80,000~100,000JapanMassive firebombing raid against the city of Tokyo, Japan, by the United States
1945Firebombing of Osaka 10,000JapanMassive firebombing raid against the city of Osaka, Japan, by the United States
April 29, 1945Dachau Massacre560GermanySoldiers of the US 157th Division kill 560 German POWs remaining in the recently liberated Dachau concentration camp.
May 8, 1945Setif Massacre150 pied-noirs
1,500–45,000 Algerians
Algeria
May, 1945Bleiburg massacreTens of thousandsYugoslaviaPartisans retaliate against Ustashe and their supporters
July 31, 1945Usti Massacre~80CzechoslovakiaCzech soldiers lynch ethnic Germans
August 6, 1945Hiroshima100,000JapanThe United States drops the atomic bomb "Little Boy" on the city of Hiroshima, Japan
August 9, 1945Nagasaki60,000JapanThe United States drops the atomic bomb "Fat Man" on the city of Nagasaki, Japan
1948Hadassah medical convoy massacre~77Palestine
1948Deir Yassin massacre107Palestine
1948Arab al-Mawasi massacre14Palestine
April 31948Jeju Massacre30,000Korea
July 26-29, 1950Nogun-ri massacre 121–?Korea
1953Qibya massacre~50West Bank
1956Kafr Qasim massacre49Israel
March 21, 1960Sharpeville Massacre69 killed, 180+ injuredSouth AfricaPolice opened fire on a crowd of black protesters
October 17, 1961Paris Massacre of 196132-200[1]Paris, FranceKilling of Algerian demonstrators
June 1-3 1962, 1962Novocherkassk Massacre 24 killed, 39 injuredNovocherkassk, Soviet Unionpolice opened fire on a crowd of protesters against inflation
1968Tlatelolco massacre200–300MexicoMexican soldiers open fire on student demonstrators.
1968My Lai massacre347–504Vietnam
February 8, 1968Orangeburg Massacre3South Carolina State University, USA
1969Killevanamani Massacre~35Tamil Nadu, Indiamore than 35 farm labor and their families, mostly women and children, were burnt alive by upper caste landlords
January, 1969Massacre at Hue~2500Hue, Vietnam
May 4, 1970Kent State massacre4Kent State University, Ohio, USA
January 30, 1972Bloody Sunday14Derry, Northern Ireland
September 5, 1972Munich Massacre 12 Munich, GermanyPalestinian terrorists kidnap and kill Israeli athletes at the Olympic Games
November 18, 1978Jonestown massacre5+913Jonestown, GuyanaPeople's Temple cult attacks Rep. Leo Ryan and delegation; after 5 killed in shootout, Jim Jones leads mass suicide
November 3, 1979Greensboro massacre5Greensboro, North CarolinaKu Klux Klansmen and American Nazis opened fire on an anti-Klan demonstration.
May 1980 Gwangju Massacre191–250–2000Gwangju, South KoreaJeon-nam University
December 11, 1981El Mozote massacre~900El Salvador
February 2, 1982Hama Massacre~20,000Syria
September, 1982Sabra and Shatila massacre300–3,000Beirut, Lebanon
1984Sikh Massacre~2733–4000Delhi, IndiaSectarian violence following the assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi by her Sikh bodyguards
August 8, 1987Hoddle Street massacre7Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
August 19, 1987Hungerford massacre17Hungerford, Berkshire, England, United Kingdom
December 8, 1987Queen Street massacre8Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
December 6, 1989École Polytechnique Massacre15University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canadaalso called Montreal Massacre
June, 1989Tiananmen Massacreup to 2,600Beijing, ChinaChinese PLA troops open fire on unarmed students and civilians gathered in Beijing
November 13, 1990Aramoana massacre13Aramoana, New ZealandPsychotic gunman, David Gray, opens fire on residents in a peaceful coastal settlement.
November 12, 1991Dili Massacre271Dili, East TimorTimorese protesting Indonesian rule are killed by Indonesian soldiers.
February 25, 1994Second Hebron Massacre29Hebron, West BankIsraeli extremist Baruch Goldstein opens fire on a group of Palestinian Muslims praying at the Cave of the Patriarchs site.
July 11, 1995Srebrenica Massacre~8000Bosnia and HerzegovinaConsidered the largest massacre in Europe since World War II
1994Rwandan Massacre800,000RwandaHutus massacre Tutsis for 3 months
March 13, 1996Dunblane massacre18Dunblane, Scotland, United Kingdom
April 18, 1996Qana Massacre102Qana , South of Lebanon
April 29, 1996Port Arthur massacre35Tasmania, Australia
1997Sanaa massacre8Yemen
April 3, 1997Thalit massacre52Thalit, Algeria
April 22, 1997Haouch Khemisti massacre93Haouch Mokhfi Khemisti , Algeria
June 16, 1997Dairat Labguer massacre~50Dairat Labguer , Algeria
August 20, 1997Souhane massacre64Souhane, Algeria
August 28, 1997Rais massacre~200Rais , Algeria
September 22, 1997Bentalha massacre>200Bentalha , Algeria
December 22, 1997Acteal massacre45Acteal , MexicoAllegedly government-linked paramilitaries attack a prayer meeting professing support for the goals of EZLN rebels
December 30, 1997Wilaya of Relizane massacres of 30 December 19974124 villages near Souk El Had , Algeria
January 10, 1998Sidi Hamed massacre103Sidi Hamed , Algeria
March 24, 1998Jonesboro massacre5Arkansas, United States
December 9, 1998Tadjena massacre42Algeria
April 20, 1999Columbine High School massacre15Littleton, Colorado, United StatesTwo teenage students, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, executed a planned shooting rampage killing 12 other students and a teacher before committing suicide. It is considered to be the worst school shooting in U.S. history.
January 911, 2001Yakaolang massacre ~300Yakaolang, AfghanistanTaliban executes civilian members of the Shia Sadat and Hazara clans
June 1, 2001Nepalese royal family massacre8Katmandu, NepalPrince Dipendra shoots his immediate family and himself at a royal dinner
June 8, 2001Osaka School Massacre8Ikeda, Osaka prefecture, Japan
September 11, 2001September 11, 2001 attacks~3,000New York, Washington DC, Pennsylvania (United States)Al-Qaida hijacks 4 U.S. commercial airliners for use in a suicide bombing attack on major American targets. Two planes struck the World Trade Center towers in New York, causing the majority of the deaths; one plane hit the Pentagon; one plane was downed in a Pennsylvania field by its passengers (all of whom were killed.)
September 27, 2001Zug massacre 14Zug, SwitzerlandFriedrich Leibacher (44) entered the Zug parliament and opened fire, killing three members of the cantonal government and 11 parliamentarians before turning the gun on himself.
December, 2001Dasht-i-Leili massacre250–3000AfghanistanTaliban prisoners were shot and/or suffocated to death in metal truck containers while being transferred between prisons by Northern Alliance soldiers during the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan.
February 20022002 Gujarat violence~800–2000Gujarat state, IndiaSectarian violence following a train fire in Godhra
March 6 2002Nanterre massacre 8Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine, FranceGun massacre by a disturbed individual on a council meeting
March 28, 2002Passover massacre30Netanya, Israel
April 26, 2002Erfurt massacre17Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany
May 2, 2002Bojaya Massacre 117Bojayá, ColombiaTerrorist organization FARC throw an explosive into a church full of people
October 4, 2003Maxim restaurant massacre21

Haifa, Israel||

March 2, 2004Ashoura Massacre~170Karbala, Baghdad, (Iraq)
March 11, 200411 March 2004 Madrid attacks191Madrid, (Spain) Islamic terrorists apparently linked to Al-Qaida plant several bombs aboard four commuter trains in Madrid
May 2, 2004Yelwa massacre~630Nigeria
May 19, 2004Mukaradeeb42IraqBombing of a wedding party; described by US forces as a mistake provoked by its celebratory gunfire
September 3, 2004Beslan school hostage crisis331Beslan, North Ossetia, Russia
March 21, 2005Red Lake High School Massacre10Red Lake, Minnesota, United States


See also

The contents of this article are licensed from Wikipedia.org under the GNU Free Documentation License. How to see transparent copy