Jukums Vācietis (November 11, 1873—July 28, 1938) (Russian (language): Иоаким Иоакимович Вацетис (Ioakim Ioakimovich Vatsetis)) was a Soviet military commander of Latvian descent. He was a rare example of notable Soviet leaders who was not member of the Bolshevik Party (nor of any other one).

He started his military career in the times of Imperial Russia, since 1891. During the World War I he commanded the 5th Latvian Zemgale rifle regiment (eventuall in the rank of colonel), which joined the Soviet power after the October Revolution. Since April 1918 he was the commander of the Red Latvian riflemen division. In July-September 1918 he commanded the Eastern Front . He was the first commander-in-chief of the Soviet military, member of the Revolutionary Military Council (September 4, 1918 - July 8, 1919). In July he was arrested under the false accusation of membership in a counter-revolutionary White Guardist organization, but soon released.

Since 1922 he was professor of the RKKA Military Academy (future Frunze Military Academy )

On November 29, 1937 he was arrested as a "member of Latvian Fascist Organization in RKKA" and executed in 1938. He was rehabiliated in 1957.