John Nicholson (1756 – 1844) was an officer in the Continental Navy during the American Revolutionary War.

The son of Joseph and Hannah Scott Nicholson, he was born in Chestertown, Maryland. John Nicholson entered the Continental Navy as Lieutenant in October 1776 and the next month was promoted to Captain to command sloop Hornet. After the war he was active in public affairs in Maryland, where he died in the summer of 1844.

The ships named USS Nicholson were named for him, his older brothers, James Nicholson and Samuel Nicholson, his son, William Nicholson and his grandnephew, James W. Nicholson.