Johannes Semper (near Viljandi, March 22 (Old style March 10) 1892 - Tallinn, February 2 1970) was an Estonian writer and translator.

A student and later teacher at the University of Tartu, we was briefly nominated as Minister for Education of the Estonian SSR when the country was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940.

He wrote the lyrics of the Anthem of Estonian SSR.