Herman Dooyeweerd (1894-1977) was a Dutch Juridical scholar by training, who by vocation was a philosopher, and the founder of a new approach called, the philosophy of the cosmonomic idea. He received early support for his work from his brother-in-law D. H. Th. Vollenhoven and later from H.G. Stoker in South Africa and Cornelius Van Til in the U.S.A.
Dooyeweerd attempted to provide a philosophy which accounted for not only the differences within reality, but also, between one thinker and another. Following Abraham Kuyper, and other, earlier neo-calvinists, Dooyeweerd claimed that all thinking is governed according to fundamental assumptions. This showed the need for a consistent and radically Christian philosophy which he sought to provide.
The basic presuppositions he refers to, from his Christian perspective are disclosed as being religious in nature. The radically religious commitment, or "religious ground-motive", acts as a spiritual driving force impeling each thinker to interprete reality under its influence. In the case of thinkers under the influence of non-christian ground-motives this leads to an over-emphasis on one part or aspect of reality so that all things seem to fit into the scheme determined for him by his prior commitment, his most basic beliefs. From thinker to thinker, as these presuppositions differ between them, people view the world differently from one another leading to the various isms. Thus, there is a basic "antithesis", a source of irreducible differences, which must be accounted for as a foundational issue, in any complete philosophy; and, this antithesis is religious in nature.
Borrowing language and concepts from a wide variety of philosophical schools, especially from the Marburg school of neo-Kantianism, Dooyeweerd builds on this foundation of a supposed "antithesis", to make distinctions between one kind of thinking and another, theorizing that diverse kinds of thinking disclose diverse kinds of meaning, and that this meaning corresponds in some way to the actual state of affairs.
Dooyeweerd developed an anti-reductionist ontology of "modal aspects", concerning diverse kinds of meaning which are disclosed in the analysis of every existent thing. He considered such modes to be irreducible to each other and yet indissolubly linked. Dooyeweerd at first suggested that there were 14 modes but later postulated 15 (Dooyeweerd 1997 Vol.2 p.98). The indissoluble coherence of these modal aspects is envinced through their analogical relationship to one another, and finally in their concentration in the central religious selfhood which has a direct relationship to its origin: God.
The majority of Dooyeweerd's published works appeared only in Dutch. However, his magnum opus, De Wijsbegeerte der Wetsidee(1935-6), was revised and expanded in English as, A New Critique of Theoretical Thought (1953-8). This is now being followed up by the Dooyeweerd Center who are translating and publishing his complete works. Dooyeweerd’s influence has continued through the Association for Reformational Philosophy and its journal Philosophia Reformata which he and Vollenhoven set up. There are also a number of institutions around the world that draw their inspiration from his philosophy.
References
Dooyeweerd, Herman New Critique of Theoretical Thought Vols. 1-4 (Edwin Melen Press, 1997)
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