Hamid Majid Mousa was a member of the Interim Iraq Governing Council created following the United States's 2003 invasion of Iraq. A Shia Muslim, and economist and petroleum researcher by training, Mousa left Iraq in 1978. He returned to Iraq in 1983, where he lived in the Kurdish-controlled north of the country and was involved in activities against Saddam Hussein's regime. In 1993, he became secretary of the Iraqi Communist Party.