GPU can stand for:

• Graphics processing unit, a special microprocessor used in computer graphics hardware
• The State Political Directorate (Gosudarstvennoe Politicheskoe Upravlenie), the name of the secret police in the USSR in one of the stages of its development
• Global Processing Unit , a generic name for a distributed computing project
• Gnutella Processing Unit , a distributed computing client [1]
• Glavnoe Politicheskoe Upravlenie (Главное Политическое Управление, or Main Political Directorate) of the Red Army, responsible for troops morale and propaganda.