Ernst Gottlieb Baron (1696 - 1760) was a German lutenist and composer.

Baron was born in Breslau. He studied law in Leipzig, but later became successful as a performer on the lute. In 1735, he took up an appointment at the court of Frederick the Great of Prussia.

Baron is best known for his treatise on lute-playing, which is still widely available. He was personally acquainted with both Johann Sebastian Bach and Sylvius Leopold Weiss.