Bronisław Piotr Piłsudski (November 2, 1866–May 17, 1918), brother of Jozef Pilsudski, was a Polish cultural anthropologist who conducted outstanding research on the Ainu ethnic group, which at the time inhabited Sakhalin Island, but now live mostly on the Japanese island of Hokkaido with only a small minority left on Sakhalin.
Piłsudski was involved in an undercover socialist group and was sentenced by tsarist Russian authorities to 15 years hard labour on Sakhalin Island. He used his time on the island to conduct his research.
Piłsudski drowned, probably on May 17th, 1918, in the River Seine in Paris.
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