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Arthur Compton
Arthur Holly Compton (September 10, 1892 – March 15, 1962) won the Nobel Prize in Physics (1927) for discovery of the effect named after him.
Early years
Around 1913, Compton devised a demonstration method for the Earth's rotation.
In 1918, Compton studied X-ray scattering. In 1922, Compton found that X-rays wavelength increases due to scattering of the radiant energy by "free electron s". Scattered quanta have less energy than the quanta of the original ray. This observation furthers the "particle" concept of electromagnetic radiation. Compton developed the method for observing at the same instant individual scattered X-ray photons and the recoil electrons (developed with A. W. Simon ). In Germany, W. Bothe and H. Geiger independently form a similar method.
Later years
In 1941, along with Vannevar Bush, head of the wartime Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), and Ernest Lawrence, the Berkeley inventor of the cyclotron, he helped to take over the then-stagnant American program to develop an atomic bomb. Compton was placed in charge of the OSRD's S-1 Committee charged with investigating the properties and manufacture of uranium.
In 1942, Compton appointed Robert Oppenheimer as the Committee's top theorist . When the Committee's work was taken over by the Army in the summer of 1942, it became the Manhattan Project.
During the early years of World War II, Compton became involved with research into nuclear fission at the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago. In December 1942, underneath Chicago's Stagg Field , Enrico Fermi achieved a sustained chain reaction in the world's first nuclear reactor with the help of Compton's Metallurgical Laboratory. Throughout the war, Compton would remain a prominent scientific advisor and administrator.
See also
- Schools : Princeton University, University of Chicago
- Physics Timeline mechanics and physics
- Energy : Luminiferous aether, Radiant energy, Manhattan Project (Atomic energy)
Categories: 1892 births | 1962 deaths | Manhattan Project | Nobel Prize in Physics winners | Physicists