Aelius was the nomen of the ancient Roman gens Aelia.
- Publius Aelius Paetus , consul 337 BC
- Gaius Aelius Paetus , consul 286 BC
- Publius Aelius Q.f. Paetus , consul 201 BC
- Sextus Aelius Q.f. Paetus Catus , 198 BC
- Publius Aelius P.f. Ligus , consul 172 BC
- Quintus Aelius Paetus , consul 167 BC
- Lucius Aelius Stilo , philologist
- Quintus Aelius Tubero , consul 11 BC
- Lucius Aelius Lamia , consul 3 AD
- Sextus Aelius Catus , consul 4 AD
- Lucius Aelius Sejanus, praetorian prefect under Tiberius
- Aelia Paetina, wife of emperor Claudius
- Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus (Hadrian), emperor
- Lucius Aelius Caesar, Hadrian's heir, consul 137
- Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus, emperor
- Lucius Aelius Verus, co-emperor of Marcus Aurelius
- Aelius Aristides, rhetor
- Aelius Dionysius , scholar
- Aelius Donatus, grammarian
- Aelius Spartianus, historian
- Aelius Theon
The Pons Aelius , now called the Ponte San Angelo , is a bridge in Rome built by Hadrian. Aelia Capitolina was the city Hadrian founded on the ruins of Jerusalem.
