Abul Hasan Qutb Shah (also transliterated in different ways) was the seventh and last ruler of the kingdom of Golconda in southern India under the Qutb Shahi dynasty. He ruled from 1672 to 1687. He was known as Tana Shah, meaning "benevolent ruler".

He is remembered as a popular statesman who did not discriminate against those of other ethnicities or religions. He hired Brahmins as his ministers and generals. For example Madanna , a Telugu Brahmin from Hanamkonda City, was his Chief Minister. Tana Shah gained a place in the Telugu literature due to Kancharla Gopanna , nephew of Madanna. Kancharla Gopanna is famously known as "Ramadasu". Ramadasu lived in Nelakondapalli City in Palvancha county . Tana Shah hired him as "Tahasildar" (head of the revenue department) of Palvancha county. Ramadasu diverted the public funds to construct a Rama temple in Bhadrachalam and for the jewelry for the idols of Rama, Sita and Lakshmana. Tana Shah found Ramadasu guilty of misappropriation of public funds and put him in jail. Later, according to legend, Tana Sha released Ramadasu from jail because Lord Rama appeared to him in person and paid back the money. For this goodwill gesture to Ramadasu, Tana Sha gained praise of the Telugu people.

After the battle of Tallikota in 1565, the sultans of the Southern Indian States reverted back to their internal fighting. By this time the Delhi Sultanate died and a dynasty came into power: the Moghul Dynasty, a Sunni Muslim dynasty founded by Babur from Afghanistan. Emperor Akbar attempted to conquer the Sounthern Indian sultanates without success. Emperor Shah Jahan didn't like the Shi'a states of Golconda and Bijapur, largely because of Qutb Shah's relationship with Iran and respect for the Shah of Iran. Abdulla Qutub Shah acknowledged the suzerainty of Shah Jahan. Aurangzeb was appointed as viceroy of Deccan. At that time Deccan consisted of Kandesh, Berar, Daulatabad and part of Telangana. In 1682 Aurangazeb went on a campaign of crushing southern States like Marathwada, and also Shia kingdoms of Bijapur and Golconda. He attacked Golconda on 28 June 1685. Tana Shah defended the fort for eight months, but Aurangazeb succeeded in capturing Golconda by bribery at the end in October 1687. With the defeat of Abul Hasan Qutub Shah the Quli Qutb Shahi dynasty ended and a new Nizam dynasty began under the control of Mughal Dynasty. After the fall of Golconda, Aurangazeb continued war against Marathwada for 20 years and failed to conquer it completely. The fall of Mughal Dynasty began with Aurangazeb's death in 1707.