Events

• February 2 - New Amsterdam (later renamed New York City) is incorporated.
• April 20 – Oliver Cromwell expels the Long Parliament
• May 24 – Ferdinand IV is elected King of the Romans
• June 12 - First Anglo-Dutch War: Battle of the Gabbard - lasted until June 13.
• July 4 - The Barebones Parliament meets in London till December 12
• August 9 - English naval victory over Dutch fleet off the Texel
• December 16 - Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland.

• End of the first period of republican government called the Commonwealth of England. The Rump Parliament was disbanded by Oliver Cromwell. See also the Long Parliament and Southamptonshire.
• Marcello Malpighi becomes a doctor of medicine.
• Stephen Bachiler returns to England.
• John Thurloe becomes the head of intelligence for Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate
• Taj Mahal finished

Births

• January 13 - Philipp Jakob Spener, theologian († 1705)
• February 17 - Arcangelo Corelli, composer († 1713)
• April 2 - Prince George of Denmark, consort of Queen Anne of Great Britain
• June 26 - Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus, chief minister of France under Louis XV
• Roger North, biographer († 1734)
• Chikamatsu Monzaemon, playwright († 1724)

Deaths

• August 10 - Maarten Tromp, Dutch admiral